Cold climate water/wastewater transportation and treatment - a bibliography: completion report

This bibliography contains 1,400 citations, including published and unpublished papers, on cold-climate water and wastewater transportation and treatment systems. Sources listed include state and federal agency files which contain information on systems in Alaskan communities and the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company camps. References to systems in other northern countries are also included. The objectives of this study were to identify causes of the failure of Alaskan water and wastewater treatment and transportation facilities and to seek methods for design improvements. Originally, the investigators contemplated an evaluation of systems performance in remote areas in relation to the original conception, planning, design, and construction. Because of the tremendous amount of literature examined, the evaluation was undertaken in a subsequent study, "Alaska Wastewater Treatment Technology" (A-058-ALAS) by Dr. Ronald A. Johnson.OWRT AGREEMENT NO. 14-31-0001-5002 PROJECT NO. A-047-ALAS The work upon which this completion report is based was supported by funds provided by the U. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, Public Law 88-379, as amended

The evolution of the narrative metaphor when chemical dependency is the dominant plot

Over the past 30 years many approaches have been developed to work with chemically dependent individuals. Of those approaches the disease model (12 step) is the most prevalent. However, research has indicated that the 12 step model has limited effectiveness (Selekman, 1991);As treatment centers looked for ways to increase their effectiveness with the problem of chemical dependency, interest turned toward the family\u27s influence with the problem. Consequently, systems therapists started working with the chemically dependent population and their families;Both the 12 step model and family systems therapy tend to de-emphasize the individual\u27s story about the experience with chemicals. This often leads to a struggle between the individual\u27s worldview and the therapist\u27s theoretical orientation. When this happens the individual does not feel understood or that the therapist has a predetermined agenda. As such, there is a growing interest in goodness-of-fit models for understanding the interplay between individuals, family and environment (Steinglass, 1990);The narrative metaphor is a therapeutic model that uses ethnographic information from each individual to further the therapeutic process. The information from the individual allows the individual and therapist to co-create a narrative about chemical dependency that is unique and non-problematic for the person. The narrative metaphor, will move beyond the current tug-of-war between systems theory and the disease model and the struggle between individual and therapist;The research is designed to evolve a treatment model. The interest is in how the narrative metaphor unfolds in the therapeutic process with individuals presenting chemical dependency as their dominant plot. Moreover, it looks at how the metaphor provides a better therapeutic fit for individuals;The articles are based on a qualitative study using the narrative metaphor with clinical cases presenting chemical dependency as their dominant plot. Qualitative research was chosen because of its focus on process, meaning given to lived experiences, multiple perspectives and attention to context (Marshall & Rossman, 1989). By directly interacting with the individual, the researcher has the ability to clarify information that would have otherwise escaped the standard paper-pencil questionnaire

Shakespeare and Psychology: Emotional Intelligence and Machiavellianism in King Lear and Othello

The current study evaluated the role of emotional intelligence and Machiavellianism in two of William Shakespeare’s tragedies: Othello and King Lear. The general organization of Shakespeare’s tragedies and character development were of particular interest, as the author hypothesized that the presence of emotional intelligence and Machiavellianism in antagonists and protagonists may have a significant effect on the plots of the relevant plays. The current study concluded that the antagonists may be deemed more successful in these Shakespearean tragedies due to the cooperation of two key factors: Machiavellian personalities and higher levels of emotional intelligence than their protagonist counterparts. Potential implications of the results are discussed

Answering the Call for Telephone Consumer Protection Act Reform: Effectuating Congressional Intent Within 47 U.S.C. § 227(B)(1)(A)

This Note analyzes the current state of the civil law surrounding the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) and highlights a glaring flaw within the current practice of assigning liability to telephonic solicitors utilizing an automatic telephone dialing system (autodialer): solicitors can be subjected to liability even though their actions are not what Congress intended to prevent. Congress enacted the TCPA in response to unique consumer privacy and public safety concerns. For example, the use of an autodialer created a substantial likelihood that autodialers would call emergency services and could “seize” their telephone lines and prevent those lines from being utilized to receive calls from those needing emergency services. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the judiciary, however, have developed differing interpretations of the TCPA, which created unintentional dangers for businesses properly utilizing telemarketing strategies. These dangers that were left unresolved by the Supreme Court’s ruling in Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid. This fragmented interpretation and application of federal law within various jurisdictions has left callers liable to substantial fines, so long as they use a device that merely has the capacity to act as an autodialer—even if the device did not actually use autodialer functionality. Such a broad interpretation places a heavy burden on companies using technology that does not create the kind of harm against which the TCPA was meant to protect. To effectuate Congressional intent, this Note proposes that the FCC should issue a new interpretation of the TCPA by declaratory ruling that will attach liability to defendants who make use of autodialer functionality, not those who’s devices merely have the capacity to do so. Alternatively, this Note proposes that either Congress amend the TCPA in a manner that better aligns with its goals, or the Supreme Court provide clarification to the lower courts as to how one acquires liability. This change will provide certainty and fairness to businesses, consumers, and the judiciary

APPLICATION OF A HAZARD RATING SYSTEM FOR ROCK SLOPES ALONG A TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR USING REMOTE SENSING

Rockfall hazards are a significant and ongoing threat to infrastructure located within steep terrain. Assessing the relative hazard along a transportation corridor is important in determining the likely location and mode of rock slope failure. Understanding where to focus attention and funds is vital for the infrastructure agencies because of the high cost of implementing preventative measures for long lengths of infrastructure. Hazard analysis has historically relied upon experienced field engineers assessing each site, which is not time or cost effective. This study focuses on using remote sensing techniques to analyze rock slopes along transportation corridors. A case study from Southern Nevada is presented with several failing rock slopes along a railroad line. The analysis uses Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), ortho-photos, and high resolution remote sensing data to analyze individual rock slopes with a risk of failure. The rockfall hazard is measured using the Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) method, while the rock mass strength is measured using the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method. A workflow is developed that can be immediately implemented by transportation agencies for use in maintenance programs

Modeling and Simulation of a Microturbine Generator to be Coupled With a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell for Distributed Generation

Distributed generation is desired when the individual energy requirements ranging from 25-75 kW of office buildings, restaurants, hospitals and apartments can not be met by the current electric utility grid. Microturbine generators as stand alone power generation systems have been designed to meet these requirements. For power requirements up to 50 MW, hybrid fuel cell systems offer higher efficiency and lower levels of pollutant emissions with more advanced fuel energy savings than non-hybrid systems. The objective of this project is to develop a simulation of a microturbine generator as a stand alone power generation system to validate a microturbine generator as part of a hybrid power generation system designed to produce 250 kW of usable power in MATLAB/Simulink®. The stand alone power generation system will be modeled using a 1-Dimensional approach. The hybrid power generation system is modeled as three major sub-systems; a hybrid microturbine generator, a molten carbonate fuel cell with catalytic oxidizer, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The hybrid power generation system will be analyzed by two different models; a 0-Dimensional hybrid model where all the components are 0-Dimensional and a 0-Dimensional model with 1-Dimensional zooming for the hybrid microturbine generator. The analysis of the stand alone system is used for validation of the hybrid system at the operating design point of the microturbine generator. A control system was placed on the hybrid microturbine generator power generation system and an analysis was completed on the temperature response of the 0-Dimensionl hybrid system as the microturbine generator power was ramped from 0-30 kW over six different time intervals. A second controller was placed on the fuel cell power generation system to further analyze the hybrid system\u27s controllability. The three MATLAB/Simulink® models developed provide an initial design methodology for modeling and simulation of a hybrid power generation system

Condemnation, Credit, and Corporations in Washington: 100 Years of Judicial Decisions—Have the Framers\u27 Views Been Followed?

As part of the commemoration of Washington\u27s centennial, this Article will examine three parts of the Washington Constitution written and adopted in 1889: article I, section 16,2 the taking clause; article VIII, section 7,3 the municipal credit clause; and article XII, sections 1-22,4 the Corporations Article. This Article will attempt to identify and explain the fundamental premises behind each of the three parts by considering the constitutional text, the specific intent of the framers where discoverable, the climate of the times in the territory and nation in 1889, and the judicial gloss from early case law. Additionally, given these considerations, this Article will explore how faithfully the decisions of the Washington Supreme Court have applied the framers\u27 premises